• Educate workers on the hazards of ammonia exposure.
• Discuss preventive measures to minimize risks.
• Outline proper handling, storage, and emergency response procedures.
• Emphasize the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) and training.

Health Hazards:

• Inhalation: Can irritate the respiratory tract, cause coughing, shortness of breath, or asphyxiation in high concentrations.
• Skin Contact: Can cause burns or irritation.
• Eye Contact: Can lead to severe irritation, burns, or blindness.

Flammability Risks:

• Ammonia can become flammable at high concentrations in the air.

Corrosive Nature:

• Can corrode metal surfaces, creating risks for structural integrity and equipment failure.

Environmental Impact:

• Ammonia spills can harm water sources and ecosystems.

Pressure Risks:

• Ammonia is often stored under pressure, and improper handling can result in explosive releases.

Training and Awareness:

• Ensure all workers handling ammonia are trained on its properties, risks, and safety protocols.
• Conduct regular refresher courses.

Proper Storage:

• Store ammonia cylinders or tanks in well-ventilated, designated areas.
• Use corrosion-resistant materials for storage containers.

Ventilation:

• Ensure adequate ventilation in areas where ammonia is used or stored.
• Install gas detection systems to monitor ammonia concentrations.

Handling:

• Avoid rapid opening of valves to prevent pressure surges.
• Use proper tools and techniques for connecting or disconnecting ammonia systems.

Routine Maintenance:

• Inspect storage tanks, pipelines, and equipment for leaks or damage regularly.
• Repair or replace defective parts immediately.

Do’s:

Always handle ammonia in well-ventilated areas.

Wear the appropriate PPE (outlined below) during handling or maintenance tasks.

Conduct leak detection checks regularly using approved equipment.

Be familiar with emergency procedures and evacuation routes.

Store ammonia containers upright and secure them to prevent tipping.

Don’ts:

Don’t attempt to handle ammonia without proper training.

Don’t mix ammonia with incompatible substances (e.g., chlorine, acids).

Don’t ignore the smell of ammonia—it could indicate a leak.

Don’t use equipment not specifically rated for ammonia handling.

Don’t block ventilation systems or tamper with safety devices.

Mandatory PPE for Ammonia Handling:

• Chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile or neoprene).
• Goggles or a face shield to protect eyes.
• Chemical-resistant clothing or aprons.
• Closed-toe, chemical-resistant footwear.

Respiratory Protection:

• Use an air-purifying respirator with an ammonia cartridge for low-level exposure.
• Use a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for high concentrations or confined spaces.

If a Leak Occurs:

• Evacuate the area immediately.
• Shut off the ammonia supply, if safe to do so.
• Notify emergency response teams.

In Case of Exposure:

• Inhalation: Move the individual to fresh air immediately and seek medical attention.
• Skin Contact: Rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical help.
• Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes and get immediate medical care.

Spill Containment:

• Use neutralizing agents (e.g., weak acids) if trained and equipped to do so.
• Prevent ammonia from entering water sources.

Emergency Evacuation:

• Follow the site-specific emergency action plan.
• Proceed to designated muster points.